The Environmental Impact of Cultured Meat

Funding the world’s first cultured meat life cycle assessment (LCA)

2008 - 2011

Overview

Will cultured meat actually be better for the environment than “regular” meat?

Back in 2008, no data existed about the environmental impact of cultured meat. To fill this gap, New Harvest funded independent research to investigate the claim that cultured meat will have a better environmental footprint than meat from animals. After circulating a request for proposals (RFP), we picked a researcher named Hanna Tuomisto out of the University of Oxford to conduct the world’s first life cycle analysis of cultured meat.

This research generated the first citable data about the potential environmental impact of cultured meat, published in a milestone peer-reviewed publication.

The media surge associated with the numbers from the paper helped attract more people to cultured meat as an area of research and stimulate further life cycle assessment work.

As of April 2021, the paper has over 22,000 views and 230 citations.¹

¹Metrics from here.

Criticism

Note: The following is excerpted and adapted from our old website, now available as a blog post.

This study has received much criticism. The main criticism is that since no commercial cultured meat facility existed at the time of Hanna’s research, the paper is “a fairly complex thought experiment.” In other words, the paper is based on a number of questionable assumptions including:

The use of Cyanobacteria hydrolysate (an algae that can be grown in large ponds) as the nutrient and energy source for muscle cell growth. It remains unproven if meat cells can even feed on this nutrient source.
That “as cells produce heat during the growth, additional energy inputs in heating of the reactor are not required.”¹⁴ Many researchers have pointed out that this is an extremely unlikely scenario.

¹⁴Excerpted from the methodology and data section of Hanna’s paper

Further research

Hanna continues to build on her 2011 paper, addressing criticisms and revising assumptions, independent of New Harvest. She published additional research in 2012, 2014, and 2019.

As the industry and science of cultured meat advances, researchers are able to build more accurate models to assess environmental impact.

This initiative kickstarted a data-driven conversation about the environmental impact of cultured meat and provided a starting point for further life cycle assessment research.

Updates

October, 2014 – Hanna amends the initial paper to address criticisms about methodology.

June, 2011 – Peer-reviewed publication is published in Environmental Sciences & Technology.

January, 2011– Publication is submitted for peer-review

August, 2008 – New Harvest circulates a request for proposals (RFP) for LCAs about cultured meat and picks a team at the University of Oxford, led by Hanna Tuomisto.

Collaborators

This research was conducted by Hanna L. Tuomisto at the University of Oxford, and M. Joost Teixeira de Mattos at the University of Amsterdam.

See More Initiatives

2022 - Present

CMSI Phase II: International Regulatory and Government Perspectives

The Cultured Meat Safety Initiative (CMSI) is a joint initiative between New Harvest and Vireo Advisors aiming to address critical technical, methodological, and informational challenges related to evaluating the safety of cultured meat (CM) products.

CMSI involves the convening of diverse stakeholders, including industry, governmental scientists, regulators, academic researchers, and others. Gaining such varied perspectives advances public knowledge and the practice of food safety for CM products by identifying and addressing data gaps. Research conducted to develop data and methods build the necessary support elements for the emerging ecosystem, which can raise regulatory and consumer confidence, support industry efforts toward commercialization, and improve the efficacy of evaluation processes of regulatory safety reviews.

Building on progress from Phase I of the Cultured Meat Safety Initiative (CMSI), New Harvest and Vireo Advisors convened governmental scientists and regulators from 15 jurisdictions around the world to identify governmental priorities for the safety methods, data, and research needed to support safety evaluation of cultured meat products to reach commercial markets worldwide.

2020 - PRESENT

The New Harvest OpenCellAg Repository

In order to see our vision of a more just, equitable, and humane food system one of our key strategies is to default to open. By creating an open cellular agriculture repository on Zenodo we ensure that the research produced by New Harvest and other researchers is accessible for all to use, read, share, and build upon. In that way we are increasing the impact of this crucial knowledge by furthering its reach.

2020 - Present

CMSI Phase I: Safety Roadmap for Cultured Meat

The Cultured Meat Safety Initiative (CMSI), a joint initiative between New Harvest and Vireo Advisors aiming to address critical technical, methodological, and informational challenges related to evaluating the safety of cultured meat (CM).

This involves the convening of diverse stakeholders, including industry, governmental scientists, regulators, academic researchers, and consumers. Gaining such varied perspectives advances public knowledge and the practice of food safety for CM products by identifying and addressing data gaps. Research conducted to develop data and methods build the necessary support elements for the emerging ecosystem, which can raise regulatory and consumer confidence, support industry efforts toward commercialization, and improve the evaluation processes of regulatory safety reviews.

Because growing meat through cell culture is so novel a process, many questions about the safety of cell-cultured meat and seafood products remain unanswered.

This industry-wide initiative was designed in partnership with Vireo Advisors to begin a data-driven conversation about the safety of cultured meat.

Fifty cultured meat companies shared previously unpublished details about their manufacturing processes which we used to create a body of publicly available information about how cultured meat is produced and what safety hazards might be introduced along the way.